What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

Flumazenil is the standardized antidote specifically designed for benzodiazepine overdose. It works by competitively inhibiting the actions of benzodiazepines at the GABA-A receptor sites in the central nervous system. This results in the reversal of the sedative effects induced by benzodiazepines, thus allowing the patient to regain consciousness and normal neurological function. It is important to note that flumazenil should be used cautiously in individuals with a history of seizures or those who may have taken other substances that can lower the seizure threshold, as it may precipitate withdrawal seizures in chronic benzodiazepine users.

Other substances mentioned, such as Vitamin K, Naloxone, and Protamine sulfate, are antidotes for different types of poisonings or overdoses—Vitamin K is used for anticoagulant toxicity, Naloxone is the antidote for opioid overdose, and Protamine sulfate is used to counteract heparin. Therefore, flumazenil is the only appropriate choice for reversing the effects of benzodiazepines.