What is the primary action of ACE inhibitors?

The primary action of ACE inhibitors is to lower blood pressure. These medications achieve this effect by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the formation of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. Consequently, the relaxation of blood vessels leads to decreased systemic vascular resistance and subsequently lowers blood pressure.

Additionally, ACE inhibitors promote the excretion of sodium and water, further contributing to reductions in blood volume and pressure. While ACE inhibitors can have effects on other areas, such as causing increases in potassium levels or having some impact on heart rate due to decreased workload, the primary therapeutic goal and most notable action is the significant lowering of blood pressure, making them a first-line treatment for hypertension and heart failure.