Which of the following assessment findings in a patient with heart failure indicates worsening condition?

In a patient with heart failure, swelling in the lower extremities is a significant indicator of worsening condition. This swelling, also known as peripheral edema, occurs due to fluid accumulation in the tissues as the heart's ability to pump effectively decreases. When heart failure worsens, the kidneys often retain more fluid and sodium, leading to increased fluid retention and subsequently, swelling in areas such as the legs, ankles, and feet.

The presence of this swelling suggests that the heart is struggling to maintain adequate circulation and is unable to adequately handle the body's fluid balance. It may also indicate worsening heart function, as the body responds to lower cardiac output by attempting to compensate with fluid retention, which can exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Monitoring for such changes in lower-extremity swelling is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of treatment and the progression of heart failure.